Science Focus Topic 1 Notes: Matter on the Move |
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Fluid Properties & The Particle Model (Theory)
The particle model helps to explain why gases and liquids flow, while solids do not. - All substances are made of tiny particles - All particles in a pure substance are the same (Different pure substances are made of different particles) - All the particles have spaces between them - All the particles are always in motion (the speed of the particles increases/decreases when the temperature increases/decreases) - The particles in a substance are attracted to one another (the strength of the attraction depends on the type of particle)
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| gas | liquid | solid | assumes the shape and volume of its container | takes the shape of the part of the container which it occupies | retains a fixed volume and shape | particles can move past one another | particles can move/slide past one another | rigid - particles vibrating in place | compressible | not easily compressible | not easily compressible | lots of free space between particles | little free space between particles | little free space between particles | flow easily past each other, move in all directions, do not flow to the lowest possible level | can be poured (always flowing to the lowest possible level) and form a level (flat) surface at rest | form a pile when they are poured (the particles do not continue to flow apart from each other) |
Changes of State
A change of state occurs when the particles of a substance gain or lose energy. The diagram below indicated the terminology used.
Applications
- The most common form of matter in our universe exists in a fluid state called plasma, which is a gaslike mixture of positively and negatively charged particles. (It is often considered to be the fourth state of matter) - Plasma, if controlled could be used as rocket fuel.
- Morphing is a special film effect that mimics the changes we see in the states of matter (like terminator - when the policeman morphs into liquid)
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